An “ofuda” is an item that contains the spirit of the kami of a jinja, which devotees can receive from the jinja in order to venerate the kami in their own home. Physically, they are wooden boards, with the name of the kami or jinja written on, and the spirit of the kami is instilled in a special matsuri at the jinja. Ofuda are the only essential item on a kamidana, a shelf where kami are venerated in the home; if you have no ofuda, you have no kami on your kami shelf.
People in Japan get ofuda by visiting their local jinja, making an offering (typically around ¥1,000), and receiving an ofuda. This is how the Shinto establishment thinks that it should work, and they strongly discourage any form of mail order; people should go to the jinja in person to get the ofuda, and with the exception of Jingū at Isë, if you cannot visit a jinja, you should not have the ofuda.
In addition, you are supposed to replace the ofuda every year. It isn’t exactly that they expire and stop working, but cyclical renewal of the kami is an important feature of Shinto practice, and replacing ofuda (and omamori amulets) is part of this. Obviously, visiting one’s local jinja at least once a year is not a major burden for someone who wants to venerate the kami in their own home. It can be more of a problem if you have a strong personal link to a jinja that is a long way from you, but even a trip from Okinawa to Hokkaido is practical on an annual basis.
Things are much more difficult if you are not living in Japan.
Yesterday, I was at Jinja Honchō to talk about where various projects are up to, and I also raised this issue. Someone who visits Japan, receives an ofuda, and sets up a kamidana in their home faces a serious problem when the time comes to replace the ofuda. Someone who wants to practise Shinto but has never visited Japan has an even more serious problem. There is a jinja in the USA (Tsubaki Grand Shrine of America) that will send you an ofuda in return for a donation, but they, naturally, only offer their own ofuda (and Jingū Taima, the ofuda from Jingū). If you want an Inari ofuda or a Tenjin ofuda, you are out of luck.
This is a difficult problem. In practical terms, I think ofuda would have to be sent by post, and the places despatching them would need to take credit cards. Both of these are looked on with concern by Jinja Honchō, for religious reasons. First, ofuda are sacred, and should not really be simply dropped in the mail. (That said, several jinja have sent me ofuda in that way, albeit after I visited.) Second, taking credit cards makes the jinja look a lot like a business, and it is important that ofuda not be seen as products, in that sense. Third, if the service were available, people might want to use it in Japan, and they really want to discourage that. Actually visiting jinja is fundamental to Shinto practice.
At the moment, there are very few people outside Japan who want ofuda, but if Jinja Honchō’s plans to reach out to more tourists are successful, we can expect the numbers to increase. My concern is that, if Jinja Honchō does not work out a good solution to the problem, commercial companies will step into the gap, sending people to jinja to get ofuda and then posting them on (with a huge mark-up, most likely). Unfortunately, I cannot solve the problem; I can only make sure that Jinja Honchō is aware of it, and thinking about it. So that is what I have done.
Mail order should become more acceptable. They may not be aware of the large amount of people that want them outside of Japan and by not making it accessible is only going to make the fake vendors become more prevalent.
I agree. But ofuda are different from, say, the miniature sanctuaries or sakaki for a kamidana (which are sold by mail order in Japan, and that’s absolutely fine), so there are issues to consider. It’s not entirely straightforward, and there are decisions that need to be made at the highest levels in Jinja Honcho. I’ll just encourage them to make those decisions.
Aloha. Here in Hawaii there are five Shinto shrines: Daijingu Temple of Hawaii, Ishizuchi Jinja, Izumo Taisha and Kotohira Daizaifuku Jinsha on Oahu and Hilo Daijingu on Hawaii Island. If you come to Hawaii, stop by one of the shrines for Ofuda and Omamori. Please note that Ishizuchi Jinsha does not have a resident priest and is open to the public only for Oshogatsu.
Kotohira’s website: http://www.e-shrine.org/ is regularly updated and Ofuda and Omamori available which is much better than ordering on ebay or a vendor. Kotohira is also a Tenjin and Inari shrine
The priest at Kotohira recently received the rank of Nikyo no Jo making him the highest ranking priest outside of Japan. He’s fluent in English and he and his wife are fantastic resources for all things Shinto in Hawaii.
Thanks for the comment. The Hawaii jinja are a great resource if you are in the USA, and if you are actually in Hawaii you are among the very few people outside Japan with a chance to participate in Shinto in pretty much all respects. It is a good solution for that jinja, and those kami, and I would like to see something similar implemented more widely in Japan.
Do you happen to know what they do when shipping omamori and ofuda? (In terms of any special purification for the envelope, rather than paying for USPS postage.)
So no Ofuda are sent because they want to stimulate tourism.
There are people for whom Shinto and belief in it means everything. However, these people cannot afford to travel to Japan and are therefore excluded. Religion, and Shinto in particular, should be open to everyone. Even if he can’t afford a trip to get an ofuda.
Jinja Honchō is making a mistake if she forbids this. My father is a Shinto priest himself and cannot understand Jinja Honchō’s behavior. There is no problem sending an Ofuda by post. There is a solution for the USA and Canda, but what about people who are not from the USA. The world is not just USA and Japan. Especially in Europe there are people who would like to practice Shinto and can’t get an Ofuda.
I never thought that Shinto would become something only for rich foreigners. Think about the poor too!
Thanks for the comment.
It’s not about stimulating tourism. Visiting a jinja is emphatically not tourism.
Quite a lot of priests, including some in Jinja Honchō, agree with you that there is no problem with sending ofuda by post, but some do not, for religious reasons. It will take time to build a consensus, or find a fairly wealthy and influential jinja that is willing to face down the criticism.
And then something has to be done about the fact that it appears to be illegal, under Japanese law, to use a credit card to make the donation for an ofuda. (Debit cards are fine…)